- :nth-child 8:00
- :nth-of-type 4:30
- :nth Pseudo-Class Challenge 2 objectives
- :nth Pseudo-Class Challenge - Pt. 2 1 objective
- :root and :target 5:12
- :not() – The Negation Pseudo-Class 4:46
- Pseudo-Elements - ::first-line and ::first-letter 5:00
- Pseudo-Elements - ::before and ::after 8:13
- The attr() CSS Function 6:32
- Pseudo-Elements Challenge 4 objectives
- Advanced Selectors Review 6 questions
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:root and :target
5:12In this video, we'll cover the :root and :target pseudo-classes. :root selects the highest-level parent element in a document, and :target selects an element when it's the target of a link.
So one of the three final pseudo classes
we'll cover here is the root pseudo class.
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What root does for us, is it selects the
element that is the root of the document,
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or the highest level parent.
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Now, in an HTML file, this will usually be
the HTML element,
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because as we can see, it is in fact the
topmost element in the document.
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So, let's go over to our CSS directory,
and open up the style.css file.
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And, in our style sheet,
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we're going to create a root pseudo class
by typing colon, followed by root.
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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And let's give this rule, a background
property, and
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let's set the value to pound e3effb.
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So, once we save our style sheet and
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refresh the page, we see how the selector
targets the HTML element as the root, and
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it turned the background color of the page
light blue.
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Now if you're wondering why not just use
the HTML selector instead?
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Well, keep in mind that root has more
specificity than the HTML type selector.
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And the reason I'm bringing up the root
pseudo-class here, is that CSS can be
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used with other types of mark-up languages
or formats, like SVG and XML.
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So in those classes, the root pseudo-class
may refer to different elements.
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But no matter the language,
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root will always target that top most
element in the document.
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So next, we have the target pseudo class.
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And target selects an element when the
element is the target of a link.
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Now the way the browser selects the
element is based on the hash in a URL.
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And I'll show you what I mean.
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So, by now, we know that ID's also have
browser functionality.
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So we can use them as landmarks or anchors
in a page.
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So, for instance, the different href
values in our three links here,
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match the IDs of the three columns below.
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So for instance here we have col-a,
col-b, and
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col-c as the href values for our three
links.
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Then right below, we have divs with the ID
col-a,
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col-b, and below that, col-c.
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So if we go back to the browser and click
on any of these links,
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notice how the href value gets appended to
the URL.
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So after the URL, we see the hash mark
with the col-a identifier.
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And this is what the browser uses to
target the element with
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the corresponding ID.
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So, back in our style sheet,
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let's create a new selector using the
target pseudo class.
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So we're gonna type colon, followed by
target.
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Let's style this so that once an element
is the target of a link,
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we're going to invert the colors in our
column.
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So to do that, let's add a background
property, and
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we're gonna set a background color of
#384047, and let's make the color white.
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All right.
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So let's save our style sheet, and refresh
our preview.
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Once we click on a column link, if a
column's ID matches a link's href value,
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the column takes on those styles defined
in the target selector rule.
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So in this case, Column A is the target,
as we can see here in the URL, but
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once we click the Column B or Column C
links, those become the target elements.
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Cool.
[BLANK_AUDIO]
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And if we need to style a specific target,
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we'll need to specify the ID in front of
the pseudo-class.
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So, for example, let's make col-c here,
take on different styles on target.
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So back on our style sheet right below the
target rule,
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let's first target that col-c ID, followed
by the target psuedo class,
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and let's set it to a background color of
#eff1f2, and
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right below that, let's set the color
value back to
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the initial value, and let's give it a
box-shadow.
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Let's have some fun here.
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So let's add a box-shadow property, and
let's make the offsets 0.
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So we're gonna add two 0s, and then we're
going to make the blur 6 pixels,
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and let's set the color value to an RGBA
value, and
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it's going to be 0,0,0, and let's set the
alpha to 0.2.
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Okay.
So once we save our style sheet,
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let's refresh the page, and once we click
the Column C link, we're able to see
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those more specific styles applied to the
column, once the browser targets it.
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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So with the target pseudo class,
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we can do a number of things to change the
state of an element on target.
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So we could, for
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example, change its position, maybe
display a different background image.
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We can also hide or
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show parts of an element on target, even
trigger an animation sequence.
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So, a useful selector we can use to
indicate to the user that something on
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the page has changed.
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And take a look at the link in the
teacher's notes, because I've added a cool
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little animation sequence, that was
created with the target pseudo class.
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