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Connecting to the Virtual Machine via SSH
7:18Thus far, we've been controlling the virtual Linux server as if we were seated in front of it at its dedicated keyboard. Servers out on the network will expect you to connect via SSH. Let's configure SSH now.
So far we've been controlling the server
via a virtual monitor provided by
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Virtual Box.
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Everything we type is going
directly to the server.
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But to connect servers
out on the Internet,
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you would use the Secure Shell program,
or SSH.
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SSH connects you to a terminal on a remote
computer, and it encrypts everything you
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do so no one can eavesdrop on
the passwords and commands you're sending.
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From now on we're going to
want to connect via SSH.
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So let's set that up now.
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SSH usually listens for
network traffic on port 22,
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and the SSH on our Virtual Server
will be no different.
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We can tell Virtual Box to open a port
on our local computer, and send all
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network traffic that it receives on that
port to a port on your Virtual Server.
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So we're going to open port 2222,
that's 2,222,
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on our computer and forward all traffic
to port 22 on our Virtual Server.
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When we use the SSH command to
connect to port 2222 on our computer,
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we'll wind up talking to the SSH
service on our Virtual Server.
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So here in the main Virtual Box app we're
going to select our Guest computer,
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And we're gonna choose settings for it,
and we're gonna click on the Network tab.
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Here for Adapter 1 we're going to
expand the Advanced options set and
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we're gonna click on Port Forwarding.
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This is what we're going to use to forward
port 2222 traffic to port 22 on the Guest.
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We'll click the plus icon over
here to add a new rule, and
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we can name it whatever we want but
we're going to call it SSH so
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that we know what service
we're forwarding.
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The protocol should be TCP.
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We're gonna leave the host IP blank so
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that it will forward traffic
from any host to any guest.
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And we're going to set
the host port to 2222 so
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that we don't conflict with
the existing SSH service on our host.
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We'll forward all traffic that we get
on port 2222 to port 22 on the Guest,
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that'll be the guest SSH service.
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Since we're probably going to be running
a web server on this virtual server,
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we're also going to want
to forward port 80.
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Again, this might conflict
with an existing web server
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running on port 80 on our host.
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So we're going to forward traffic from
port 8080 to port 80 on the Guest.
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So let's click the plus
sign to add a new rule.
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We're going to label this one HTTP,
protocol is still TCP.
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We'll leave the host IP blank again, and
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we'll forward from host
port 8080 to guest port 80
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Click OK when you're done, and
click OK to save the settings changes.
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Now SSH isn't actually
installed on our guest OS yet.
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We're going to need to install that now.
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We'll use Ubuntu's Package Manager
to automatically download and
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install the software for us.
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So we're going to start with the commands
sudo, that stands for super user do.
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Basically sudo is going to give
administrative access on this computer,
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since we need it in order
to install new software.
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Then we'll run the command for the
Package Manager, that's apt-get, space.
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We'll run the install sub
command to apt-get, and then
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we need to provide the name of the actual
software package we want to install.
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That's called openssh, all one word,
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followed by -server, since this is
going to be an SSH server not a client.
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Once all that's entered press Enter
to run the command, and it'll ask for
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your password.
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So enter the password that you
set up when installing Ubuntu.
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It'll ask if you wanna continue,
and the default will be Yes, so
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just hit Enter And
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then it will download and
install the software automatically and
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put you back to the system
prompt when it's done.
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Now we're ready to switch back to
a terminal on our host computer, and
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try connecting to our
guest computer via SSH.
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Now we would have to type some complicated
command like SSH, our user name,
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127.0.0.1 to specify that we
wanna connect to our local host.
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And then we'd have to specify the port
number with a flag-p, port 2222.
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That's what we would have to type
the way things are set up now.
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But that's a complicated
command to have to remember.
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So, instead, what we're going to
do is edit our SSH configuration
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to make it easier to connect.
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We're going to accomplish this by editing
the SSH configuration on our host.
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SSH configuration is stored within
a directory in your user's home folder
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named SSH.
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So let's create that directory
right now in case it doesn't exist.
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So mkdir ~/.ssh.
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And now we're going to open the SSH
folder within our favorite editor.
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And we'll create a new file
within it named config.
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There should be no extension
on the config file name.
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Within that config file, we're going
to create an entry for a new host.
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Note that this doesn't mean
the host to our virtual machine.
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This means host as in a host computer
out there somewhere on the Internet.
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We're going to call this Host hostcom,
same name as our guest machine.
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The host name can be anything we want, but
it's better to have it match the name of
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the virtual machine just
to avoid confusion.
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Then in the line immediately under that,
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we're going to add a HostName
configuration value.
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And this is going to be the actual
address that we attempt to connect to
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to talk to this host.
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Now since this is a virtual machine
running on our local computer,
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we're going to connect to local host.
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That's at the IP address 127.0.0.1, that's
the standard IP address for local host.
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We're also going to add a port entry, and
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specify the port that
it should connect to.
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Let's save this and
then we can quit out of our editor.
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Now that our SSH configuration
is complete, we can go back into
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our terminal on our host computer and
type the command SSH again.
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But this time all we have to
type is our user name and
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the name of the host entry that we
set up in our configuration, hostcom.
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It'll look that entry up
in the configuration and
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realize that it wants to
connect to 127.0.0.1 port 2222.
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Since this is the first time connecting
to our guest computer via SSH,
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it's going to ask if we're sure
we want to continue connecting.
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We'll go ahead and type yes.
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Now I'll be asked to enter the password
that we set up while configuring Ubuntu.
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And that's it, we're now
connected to a shell on our guest
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Linux computer from
a terminal on our host.
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