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Writing a method that takes a block is very similar to writing any other method. In this video, you'll learn to write your own block methods.
Code Samples
Our first block:
def block_method
puts "This is the first line in block_method."
end
block_method do
puts "This statement is called from the block."
end
This doesn't do anything! Why? We need to tell Ruby what to do with the block. We do that with the yield keyword which will jump out of the method and execute the block:
def block_method
puts "This is the first line in block_method."
yield
puts "This statement is after the yield keyword."
end
block_method do
puts "This statement is called from the block."
end
This will print out:
This is the first line in block_method.
This statement is called from the block.
This statement is after the yield keyword.
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Let's talk for a moment about writing
methods that can be written with blocks.
0:00
There's actually nothing special about
methods that can be called with blocks.
0:05
Just like with the loop or
0:09
times methods, we can write our
own methods that utilize blocks.
0:11
When we do that, the block is
considered an argument to the method.
0:16
Let's see how that works now,
using Workspaces.
0:21
All right.
0:25
So, let's go ahead and
write our first method that takes a block.
0:25
Let's go ahead and create a new file,
and we will call this file method.rb.
0:30
And let's go ahead and
name our method, block_method.
0:37
And we will close the method definition.
0:44
And now, for starters,
let's just go ahead and print out,
0:47
this is the first line in block method.
0:51
Now we have to be able to call this.
0:57
So, we call the name of our method,
1:00
which in this case is block_method.
Now we'll send a block into this.
1:02
And we'll just say,
1:09
this statement is called from
the block and we will write end there.
1:12
So here's our method.
1:19
We haven't done anything special
to tell it to expect a block.
1:22
And then we're calling the method,
sending in a block, and
1:25
then hopefully this code gets executed.
1:30
So let's go ahead and
run this and see what happens.
1:33
And all we see is this is
the first line in block method.
1:41
Now the reason is,
even though we sent in a block,
1:45
we haven't told our method what happens
to it, or what to do with the block.
1:48
The way we do that is with a special
keyword in Ruby called yield.
1:54
When we put the yield keyword in here,
Ruby is going to know
1:59
to come out of the block where the yield
statement is, then execute the code
2:02
inside the block which in this case
is going to be our puts statement.
2:07
Now let's try running this again and
see what happens.
2:12
Now when I run it,
we can see that it says,
2:17
this is the first line in block method,
and then we get the printout that
2:19
we expected which is,
this statement is called from the block.
2:23
Now, if we wanted to, we could do
something after the yield here, and
2:28
print out,
this statement is after the yield keyword.
2:34
Now let me just clear the screen here and
run this again.
2:44
This statement is after the yield
keyword is printed out right
2:48
after this statement is
called from the block.
2:52
So when Ruby executes this,
it sees the block_method definition,
2:56
and then it sees the method call,
and then here is the block.
3:01
You can think of this as one statement or
one block of code.
3:05
So Ruby runs this block method,
3:09
encounters this puts statement,
runs it, gets to the yield.
3:12
Then this entire code block is executed,
and
3:18
we return to what comes after it,
which is the puts statement.
3:22
Now, you might wonder what would happen
if we put in another yield keyword.
3:28
See if you can guess before we run this.
3:33
And when we put in that second
yield keyword, you can see that,
3:39
this statement is called from the block,
is executed twice.
3:43
So each time we see the yield
keyword in this method,
3:48
the block of code is executed.
3:50
Let's see what would happen if we just
called block_method without a block.
3:55
Clear my screen here.
4:01
And let's go back and
scroll through the output here.
4:05
We get this is the first
line in the block method.
4:10
This statement is called from the block,
and this is after the yield keyword.
4:12
Then, block_method gets called again, and
4:17
we get to this is the first
line in block method, but
4:20
it says no block was given,
and we get a local jump error.
4:24
So we can see that this requires a block.
4:30
Try practicing writing some of
your own methods now using blocks
4:36
and the yield statement using workspaces.
4:39
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