- Variables 4:48
- Variables and Methods 4 objectives
- Attribute Readers 1:46
- Attribute Readers 1 objective
- Attribute Writers and Accessors 5:20
- Attribute Writers and Accessors 2 objectives
- Methods 3:31
- Methods 1 objective
- Instance Variables and Local Variables 4:54
- Instance Variables and Local Variables 4 questions
- The to_s method 2:16
- The to_s Method 1 objective
Preview
Video Player
00:00
00:00
Attribute Writers and Accessors
5:20Ruby gives us shortcuts to write common pieces of code. The process of accessing and writing attributes in a class can be done using `attr_writer` and `attr_accessor` to ease repeating code.
In addition to the attr_reader method,
0:00
Ruby gives us some other shortcut methods
for reading and writing attributes.
0:03
Let's take a look at how those work now,
using workspaces.
0:08
Now Ruby gives us some other methods like
attr_reader, that we can use in our code.
0:13
And let's go ahead and see how this works
right now.
0:19
If I open up IRB, I can load in this file
to work with,
0:22
by typing the word load and the name of
the file.
0:28
And what that will do, will be to load
this class into our IRB session.
0:32
As if we had written it inside of IRB.
0:39
So type load, and then a space, a quote,
and
0:42
then the path to the file, which is this
directory,
0:47
which is the dot, and a slash, the name of
the file, which is name.rb.
0:53
Now you will notice that this gets
printed, but we don't quite have access
0:58
to the instance variable name just yet, so
let's go ahead and create one.
1:05
We will say name equals Name.new,
"Mr.", "Jason", "", "Seifer".
1:10
Okay.
1:21
Now we have this little name object that
we're working with.
1:22
Since we put the attr_readers in here
that's going to
1:25
allow us to read these different
attributes.
1:28
So we could say name.title and it would
give us back the title.
1:30
But we can't change that.
1:35
For example, if I somehow became a doctor,
Ruby tells us there's an undefined
1:39
method `title=' for this particular Name object.
1:47
So, how would we do that?
1:54
Let's go ahead and exit IRB here.
1:56
And let's go back to this particular file.
2:00
If I wanted to be able to reset the title
later,
2:05
I would have to define a method to do it.
2:08
[SOUND] And we do that by calling define,
and
2:11
then the name of the method, which is
going
2:16
to be the same as the instance variable
name.
2:21
title, and then the equals sign.
2:27
[SOUND] And then we pass in a new title.
2:30
So now we type instance variable title
equals.
2:35
This new title that's being called on the
method.
2:42
So I'm gonna do a scroll down here.
2:45
And just print out the title, put
name.title.
2:49
And now we saw before when we were working
with this, we could not call name.title.
2:57
Let's try it again.
3:01
[SOUND] And we're just gonna print this
out twice,
3:02
and let's be a little bit more thorough
here.
3:09
[SOUND] And we can call that.
3:15
[SOUND] Now the same code that didn't work
before.
3:19
[SOUND].
3:25
Go ahead and clear my screen.
3:26
Now, if I run name.rb, we can see that the
title was changed.
3:28
So, let's look at this.
3:36
What we're doing is setting this title
instance variable to a new value which we
3:39
send in to this method.
3:44
Now this is a really common pattern,
again, in Ruby.
3:47
So, Ruby gives us another way to work with
that and
3:52
that is by defining a writer in addition
to a reader.
3:56
And then Ruby will automatically take care
of this for us.
4:05
[SOUND] So if I run this again, the same
thing
4:08
is printed out, and Ruby is actually so
nice.
4:15
That it wraps both of these patterns into
one different method call,
4:22
which is called attr_accessor.
4:28
[NOISE] So I could now take out that
[NOISE] and
4:31
remove the title from the list of readers.
4:35
[SOUND] And if I run this again the same
thing should print out.
4:40
Now you might be wondering why you would
ever use attr_reader and
4:45
attr_writer instead of just using
attr_accessor.
4:49
The difference is thinking about it in
terms of readability of your code.
4:53
You may only ever be reading certain
attributes, like a first name,
5:00
middle name and last name, and only
writing certain attributes.
5:05
Be as explicit as possible.
5:09
If you know you're only going to be
reading certain attributes,
5:12
only set those as a reader.
5:15
And the same thing with writing
attributes.
5:17